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Natural Ventilation Techniques Used for Residential and Commercial Structures

submitted on 28 August 2020
Before the invention of modern HVAC systems, buildings used to be designed optimally for natural ventilation. Nowadays, while most structures use forced ventilation, architects are rediscovering the benefits of natural means to ventilate and keep indoor spaces cool. Although large buildings are more likely to use mechanical ventilation, residential and low-rise buildings can opt to forego artificial means and focus on applying principles that will take full advantage of outdoor wind and temperature.

What is natural ventilation, and how does it work?
There are several ways to incorporate natural ventilation into a residential or low-level structure. Each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages depending on the layout and design of the building.
  • Buoyancy-driven natural ventilation. Cold air is usually heavier than warm air. The temperature difference means that warm air inside a room will naturally rise to the top as cold air enters. When there are openings at the top of a building, they become the natural escape route for warm air, which will also naturally create a vacuum that will continue to suck cold air through the windows below. Adding electric window openers is an excellent feature for efficiency in opening vents located in the roof or higher area.
  • Wind-driven ventilation. This principle relies on the natural movement of air resulting from varying pressure. For example, if there are windows on opposite sides of the room, the wind pressure from the side exposed to the wind will naturally create a consistent airflow towards the other side. To avoid draughts during colder weather, you can lessen the opening on the side that faces the wind to reduce the pressure.
  • Night cooling. This technique applies to commercial structures that want to save on energy consumption. Purging heat from the building by opening windows and vents at night will reduce the need to operate the HVAC system. With the help of window openers and manual window openers, it’s more efficient to open windows located in higher areas of the building. When there’s a need for commercial buildings to meet regulatory requirements for energy-efficiency, natural cooling done at night is both effective and economical.
All these techniques may be combined to create an ideal natural ventilation system for buildings. But in addition to these basic principles, some ventilation system designers are taking it a step further by incorporating smart technology. For example, windows at room level and in the roof operate automatically by using sensors that determine the ideal room temperature and humidity. Also, by monitoring and measuring the outdoor conditions, these smart ventilation systems can maintain the best indoor conditions while only relying on natural means.

Final thoughts
Over the years, natural ventilation methods have become more sophisticated and precise. If you’re looking for the right ventilation solution for your building, you can find a designer that can work with the latest techniques suitable for your needs and budget. Indeed, it’s time to revert to natural ventilation techniques, especially since there’s a need to emphasise sustainability and eco-friendly commercial and residential construction practices.

 







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